Publication date: October 05, 2026
As part of the American Bar Association (ABA) Section of International Law’s highly successful conference at Mansion House in London, we had the opportunity to take part not only in the substantive programme of the conference, but also in a number of exceptional events accompanying it.
Publication date: October 05, 2026
The loss or corruption of data in a business is rarely “just” a technical problem. In practice it is a serious legal and financial crisis: production downtime, loss of trust among business partners and, in extreme cases, administrative fines running into millions. The scope of liability, however, depends above all on what kind of data has been lost or corrupted. The law treats the loss of source code or technical documentation quite differently from a leak of employee records or a customer database. The first step in assessing liability for a breach of the integrity or availability of data is therefore its unambiguous legal classification.
Publication date: October 05, 2026
When does a State act like a merchant? A scholarly and practical analysis
I. The restrictive theory of State immunity and the significance of the 2004 Convention
The United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and Their Property, adopted by General Assembly resolution 59/38 of 2 December 2004 (hereinafter the “Convention” or “UNCSI”), is the first comprehensive multilateral instrument to regulate the jurisdictional immunity of States before the courts of foreign States. Although the Convention has not formally entered into force – it requires thirty ratifications, and twenty-five States have ratified or acceded to it so far – it exerts a considerable influence on the formation of customary international law, since it expresses the opinio iuris of States and reflects their practice in the field of jurisdictional immunity. The Convention thus constitutes an important point of reference both for domestic courts and for international tribunals. Many States also regard the Convention as binding to the extent that it codifies customary law already existing in this area.
Publication date: October 05, 2026
Implementing artificial intelligence in an organisation does not begin with choosing a tool, but with answering the question of who we are in the AI value chain and what we are responsible for. This article sets out the relationship between the GDPR and the AI Act: from the roles of provider, deployer and controller, through algorithmic risks, the limits of lawfulness in the workplace and the rights of individuals, to the DPIA, the FRIA and the AI Governance model. It reflects the legal position following the entry into force of the Polish Act on Artificial Intelligence Systems and the postponement of the AI Act application dates by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744.
Publication date: October 01, 2026
KG LEGAL Kiełtyka Gładkowski was pleased to be represented at the ABA International Law Section Fall Conference, held in London from 21–25 September 2026 at the magnificent Mansion House.
