Publication date: December 12, 2025
Previous amendments to the Tobacco Act
The Polish Act on the Protection of Health against the Consequences of Using Tobacco and Tobacco Products (Journal of Laws 1996, No. 10, item 55, as amended) has undergone several significant changes in recent years.
On March 31, 2025, a law introducing a ban on the sale of heated tobacco products with a characteristic aroma was signed. It is worth mentioning that Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2022/2100 of 29 June 2022 amending Directive 2014/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the abolition of certain exemptions for heated tobacco products (OJ L 283, 2022, p. 4), which required EU Member States to introduce such a ban, waited almost 3 years for implementation.
At the time of the act’s signing, work was underway on two further draft bills. The first of these had already been submitted and adopted as the Act of 21 May 2025 amending the Act on the Protection of Health against the Effects of Using Tobacco and Tobacco Products (Journal of Laws of 2025, item 799).
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Publication date: December 12, 2025
The main differences between these contracts
An employment contract and a contract of mandate have their origins in two different regulations. An employment contract is regulated in the Labor Code (Chapter 2, Section 1), while a contract of mandate has its essential negotiating power in Title XXI of the Civil Code. However, an employment contract requires the application of the provisions of the Civil Code regarding, for example, defects in a declaration of intent (Articles 82-88), negotiations, or offers (Articles 66-72). As the Supreme Court noted in its judgment of November 29, 2017, I PK 358/16, LEX No. 2433081, in addition to personal subordination between employer and employee, legal issues are also important due to the various legal consequences these contracts have. A contract of mandate does not obligate the principal and the contractor to conclude an agreement, although regardless of the name of the contract, if it contains the requirements of Article 22 § 1 of the Labor Code, it becomes an employment contract.
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Publication date: December 12, 2025
The right to withdraw from a contract, which may result from a statute or other generally applicable act or from a contractual provision between the parties, also requires analysis in terms of the type of relationship (B2B, B2C). When it comes to relationships between businesses and consumers, the most important legal acts regulating such relationships in a cross-border context are European regulations, in particular Directive 2011/83/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on consumer rights, amending Council Directive 93/13/EEC and Directive 1999/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directive 85/577/EEC and Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (hereinafter: Directive 2011/83/EU).
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Publication date: December 12, 2025
Business concentrations are common and significant phenomena that constitute a part of modern economic activity. They include takeovers, mergers, the acquisition of assets, and even the creation of joint ventures. Their primary goal is typically to develop companies and increase competitiveness and efficiency. They can also lead to a restriction of market competition. Therefore, the legislature has introduced the obligation to notify the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) of any intended concentration in cases where it may affect competition conditions in Poland. This article will discuss when an enterprise must notify the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK), what information should be included, and the procedure conducted by the President of the UOKiK.
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Publication date: December 02, 2025
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