Publication date: January 09, 2025

Dictionary:

• Fortified foods – these are food products that have had additional nutrients added (such as vitamins, minerals, fiber) to improve their nutritional value and prevent deficiencies of these nutrients in the diet, e.g. enriching spring water with minerals changes the qualification of this water to mineral water.
• NANDO – (New Approach Notified and Designated Organisations) notification is the act by which a Member State informs the Commission and the other Member States that a body that meets the relevant requirements has been designated to carry out conformity assessments in accordance with the directives. Notification of notified bodies and their withdrawal are the responsibility of the notifying Member State.

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Publication date: January 06, 2025

Modern internet platforms, such as YT, have revolutionized the way we create and consume video content. Example: the American platform YouTube, with over 2 billion monthly active users, a significant portion of whom, in Poland for example, are increasingly professional journalists.

Such a service is therefore another source of distribution of video content created by professionals, including materials that earn money from advertising. Creators who share their videos on the platform therefore count on income from the so-called content traffic and popularity of the content as well as from displayed ads. Platforms that were originally formed to create the freedom to share, edit, broadcast live and comment on videos for free have now become a place of conflict of interest between preventive content security measures and freedom of press activity.

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Publication date: January 03, 2025

Today, thanks to access to artificial intelligence, people can significantly speed up and streamline their work. Moreover, AI’s existence greatly facilitates work in fields where a person may lack knowledge or has only a very narrow understanding. Nowadays, anyone who inputs the right command into an AI program can generate texts, sounds, videos, or graphics. Whereas in the past, this required the professions of copywriters, film editors, or graphic designers, today their role is not as crucial. However, a question arises—who owns a work generated by AI? Is a text written by an advanced language model the intellectual property of the person who provided the prompt?

The Monkey Selfie

To explore this issue further, one should refer to the case of the famous “monkey selfie”, where similarities can be observed regarding authorship and intellectual property in situations where the traditional creator is not clearly defined. The “monkey selfie” case involved a photo taken by the macaque monkey Naruto, who accidentally pressed the shutter button of photographer David Slater’s camera. The photo quickly became popular online, and the issue of its copyright sparked a heated legal debate. Ultimately, the court ruled that copyright did not belong to the monkey, as animals cannot be subjects of copyright law, nor directly to the photographer, who was not the creator of the actual photo despite providing the equipment.

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Publication date: December 09, 2024

The government’s draft law on artificial intelligence systems “serves to apply Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on the establishment of harmonised rules on artificial intelligence [1]“, also known as the AI Act . This document defines the principles of supervision of the market of artificial intelligence systems and the AI model and covers the organisation of supervision, the conditions for accreditation of conformity assessment bodies, incident reporting and the imposition of administrative penalties for the use of prohibited practices under Article 5 of the European Regulation on artificial intelligence. Moreover, this draft is to be applied, among others, to persons located in the EU affected by AI, importers and distributors of AI systems, entities using AI systems that are established or located in the Union, and suppliers introducing AI systems to the market or putting them into service [2]. Additionally, the act provides for the creation of the Office of the Commission for the Development and Security of Artificial Intelligence, which is a state legal person [3].

What is the Artificial Intelligence Development and Security Commission?

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Publication date: December 02, 2024

1. Introduction

German economist Klaus Schwab described the present as the era of the fourth industrial revolution during the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2016. This concept dates back to the research conducted by the working group led by Siegfried Dais , the report of which was presented to the government of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2013. It was in this report that the concept of “Industry 4.0” (German: Industrie 4.0) was first created.

Industry 4.0 is supposedly the effect of the fourth industrial revolution, the pillars of which are the automation and computerization of industry and the implementation of modern production methods. All this is to lead to the creation of cyber-physical production systems – and therefore systems that function both in the real world (through the work and devices of industrial machines) and the virtual world (through the control of production processes by IT systems, including AI and the coordination of devices and machines in the Internet of Things or in the computing cloud). Importantly, Industry 4.0 is not only an industry of modern technologies in the sense that it produces advanced products – it is an industry that uses modern technologies in the entire production process, regardless of whether it produces technologically advanced products such as smartphones or relatively simple to produce items such as hand tools.

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