Publication date: January 28, 2026

In Poland there is planned the e-contract system – central IT system operated by the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Policy. It will enable the electronic conclusion and management of employment contracts, contracts of mandate, contracts for specific work, and other HR documents, integrating with public registers (ZUS, CEIDG, KAS). Accessible through praca.gov.pl, the system will simplify HR processes, automate ZUS filing, provide access to documentation for the National Labor Inspectorate (PIP), and store and manage full employee records online, becoming a tool for the comprehensive digitization of the labor market.

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Publication date: January 28, 2026

The trade in works of art poses many practical legal challenges. This stems from the fact that numerous provisions, scattered across various legal acts, apply. To gain a thorough understanding of art trade law, one must be familiar with the following regulations:

1. Act of 23 July 2003 on the protection and care of monuments (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2024, item 1292).
2. Act of 11 March 2004 on tax on goods and services (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2025, item 775, as amended).
3. Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 October 2013 laying down the Union Customs Code (OJ L 269, 2013, p. 1, as amended).
4. Act of 19 March 2004 – Customs Law (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2024, item 1373)
5. The Act of 23 April 1964, the Civil Code (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2025, item 1071).
6. Council Regulation (EC) No 116/2009 of 18 December 2008 on the export of cultural goods (Codified version) (OJ L 39, 2009, p. 1).

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Publication date: January 22, 2026

A hull board (or “hull”) is a management body of a legal person (e.g., a company, association, foundation) that formally exists, but its numerical composition has fallen below the minimum number required by the statute or agreement, preventing it from effectively adopting resolutions, representing the organization, and managing its affairs, which may result in the need to appoint a curator.

The provisions of the Polish Commercial Companies Code in the regulations concerning capital companies provide that the company’s management board consists of one or more members. In capital companies, this is a mandatory body, but it may also be appointed optionally in a professional partnership. The company’s articles of association or statute may specify how many people will comprise it, most often by indicating a specific number of management board members or defining it using a range of numbers (e.g. the management board consists of 3-5 people). A problematic situation arises when the number of management board members falls below that required in the articles of association or statute. Then we are dealing with the so-called hull board where a corporate structure is in a state of inconsistency between the established composition of a body and its proper staffing quantitatively.

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Publication date: January 23, 2026

In the face of dynamic changes in the labor market and the growing legal awareness of employees, the proper conduct of the dismissal process is becoming one of the key challenges for human resources departments and management staff.

Termination and expiration of the contract

First, it is important to distinguish between two basic procedures for terminating an employment relationship, which are often confused in practice, leading to procedural errors. Although both termination and expiration of a contract lead to the end of employment, their legal nature is different. Termination of an employment contract is the result of a declaration of intent by one or both parties to the employment relationship. This requires active action, such as submitting a written document or proposing an agreement. Expiration of a contract, on the other hand, occurs by operation of law in strictly defined situations, regardless of the parties’ will.

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Publication date: January 22, 2026

Prepared by Kamil Żbik, KIELTYKA GLADKOWSKI KG LEGAL

One of the characteristics of diseases and conditions is that different illnesses often affect people to completely different degrees and with completely different frequencies. With the advancement of modern medicine, organizations have begun to take a more serious look at the problem of rare diseases. However, the diagnosis and treatment of such diseases are still highly problematic. One of the problems associated with this is the low revenue from such drugs. Due to the fact that some diseases are very rare, the cost of the process of developing and introducing them to the market is disproportionate to the expected sales of such drugs. This happens because of a very narrow group of people affected by such diseases. Drugs for these rare diseases are called orphan drugs or orphan medicinal products.

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