Publication date: November 07, 2025
The Act of 21 February 2019 (Journal of Laws of 2025, item 259) established a new state institution in the medical sector – the Medical Research Agency. According to Article 1, Section 7 of this Act, the Agency’s objective is to support innovative activities in healthcare, with particular emphasis on the development of non-commercial clinical trials and research experiments. One of its tasks is to support the biomedical sector by financing scientific research and development, as well as strengthening the national capacity to conduct non-commercial clinical trials. Between 2019 and 2021, the Agency contracted research projects worth approximately PLN 1 billion – 50% of the projects concerned specialization projects in oncology and cardiology, which accounted for 67% of the research budget. More importantly, the Agency was tasked with designing the Government Biomedical Sector Development Plan for 2022–2031, for which a PLN 2 billion budget was secured, originating from two sources: the National Recovery Plan and funds from the Medical Research Agency, subsidized by the Ministry of Health. Biomedicine is a field of medicine that utilizes the achievements of biological, biochemical, biophysical, and biotechnological sciences and is widely used in the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It utilizes innovative technologies and research results on a large scale. The global biomedical market is experiencing steady growth. Poland aspires to become a leader in this field in Eastern Europe, a goal that cannot be achieved without a unified strategy, hence the decision to create the Plan.
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Publication date: October 29, 2025
Modern technologies are currently shaping our position in the international arena and play a significant role in the security of citizens. Given the growing need to integrate the innovation sector with the security and defense system while simultaneously strengthening the commercial potential of Polish enterprises and research institutions, the Minister of Finance and Economy established the program by decision of August 14, 2025. It covers the years 2025–2029 and is titled “Support for Competencies in the Area of Dual-Use Innovation” based on Article 21a of the Act of 30 May 2008 on Certain Forms of Support for Innovative Activity (Journal of Laws of 2022, item 2474) for the implementation of the state’s innovation policy. This program focuses on supporting the development and commercialization of new dual-use technologies – civilian and military – due to many breakthrough technologies created for military purposes that have transformed life in civilization, such as the internet. The program has a strategic dimension; it is the first nationwide project of its kind focused on dual-use in Poland.
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Publication date: October 29, 2025
Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2022/2100 of 29 June 2022, prohibiting the sale of heated tobacco products with a characterizing flavor, waited almost three years for implementation. Finally, on 21 February 2025, an amendment to the Act on the Protection of Health from the Effects of Using Tobacco and Tobacco Products introducing this ban was passed in Poland. In 2025, another amendment to this act was made; the second draft was more extensive and specifically regulated the sale of electronic cigarettes and nicotine pouches, as well as the placement of warnings on packaging. However, in practice, there are still problems with the application of the act and the enforcement of its prohibitions and orders.
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Publication date: October 29, 2025
The Polish defense technology sector (defense-tech) is developing dynamically, with a growing number of startups engaging in dual-use projects—civilian and military. Collaboration between these entities and public institutions and acceleration programs is becoming increasingly common, fostering innovation and strengthening the country’s defense potential. In its 2030 strategy, the North Atlantic Alliance recognized dual- use technologies as the foundation of its future strategic advantage, launching initiatives such as the NATO Innovation Fund and the DIANA program. Meanwhile, the European Commission presented the Digital Europe program and Horizon Europe. Furthermore, in 2022, the European Investment Bank introduced significant policy changes by including dual- use projects in its portfolio. The Polish Ministry of National Defence implements programmes such as “Urgent Innovation Need” and “East Shield”, and the Polish Development Fund supports projects with dual-use potential by implementing the IDA project together with the Ministry of National Defence, PGZ SA, the Kraków Technology Park and the Gdańsk Science and Technology Park.
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Publication date: October 23, 2025
The core of every offer at online art auction is a proper description of the item.
According to the Civil Code, the conclusion of any contract involves the exchange of mutually agreed declarations of intent between the contracting parties. The Code specifies various procedures for exchanging these declarations: the bidding procedure (Article 66), the auction or tender procedure (Article 701), and the negotiation procedure (Article 72). Even in a procedure as specific as the auction procedure, which is most often used by auction houses to conduct auctions, the provisions regarding declarations of intent and the regulations governing contracts concluded under this procedure will apply – in the case of auctions, this is most often the sales contract (Article 535 et seq. of the Civil Code). These regulations can be particularly relevant in the case of flawed descriptions of items offered at auction.
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