Publication date: February 6, 2026
Cybersecurity certifications are designed for IT professionals, including system and network administrators, security specialists, engineers, and those aspiring to these roles, to validate their knowledge and practical skills in protecting against digital threats. The certification also covers ICT products, services, and processes, and aims to inform consumers about the level of digital security and support Polish companies in European markets.
On August 28, 2025, the Act of June 25, 2025, on the national cybersecurity certification scheme entered into force, implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/881 of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 17, 2019, on ENISA (the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity) and cybersecurity certification in information and communication technologies, and repealing Regulation (EU) No 526/2013 (Cybersecurity Act) (OJ L 151, 7.06.2019, p. 15 and OJ L 2025/37, 15.01.2025).
More
Publication date: February 2, 2026
According to an analysis by lawyers from KG LEGAL KIELTYKA GLADKOWSKI, legal concepts such as incident and cyberattack are key elements in the EU cybersecurity and data protection law ecosystem. The fragmentation of cybersecurity law into various sectoral legal acts necessitates a comprehensive analysis of the coherence of all the legal acts comprising this ecosystem. This article demonstrates that the legal layer of cybersecurity in an incident is a highly sensitive issue from the perspective of the responsibility to protect, and therefore, responsible entities should examine the differences in the legal scope of application of individual acts. These concepts are intuitively understood but in legal practice are only superficially identical and lead to different regulatory obligations. The following summary is original and creative and can be used by entities to properly analyze their obligations under current EU law.
More
Publication date: January 28, 2026
In Poland there is planned the e-contract system – central IT system operated by the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Policy. It will enable the electronic conclusion and management of employment contracts, contracts of mandate, contracts for specific work, and other HR documents, integrating with public registers (ZUS, CEIDG, KAS). Accessible through praca.gov.pl, the system will simplify HR processes, automate ZUS filing, provide access to documentation for the National Labor Inspectorate (PIP), and store and manage full employee records online, becoming a tool for the comprehensive digitization of the labor market.
More
Publication date: January 22, 2026
A hull board (or “hull”) is a management body of a legal person (e.g., a company, association, foundation) that formally exists, but its numerical composition has fallen below the minimum number required by the statute or agreement, preventing it from effectively adopting resolutions, representing the organization, and managing its affairs, which may result in the need to appoint a curator.
The provisions of the Polish Commercial Companies Code in the regulations concerning capital companies provide that the company’s management board consists of one or more members. In capital companies, this is a mandatory body, but it may also be appointed optionally in a professional partnership. The company’s articles of association or statute may specify how many people will comprise it, most often by indicating a specific number of management board members or defining it using a range of numbers (e.g. the management board consists of 3-5 people). A problematic situation arises when the number of management board members falls below that required in the articles of association or statute. Then we are dealing with the so-called hull board where a corporate structure is in a state of inconsistency between the established composition of a body and its proper staffing quantitatively.
More
Publication date: January 19, 2026
A regulated market is a system for trading in financial instruments admitted to trading. It operates according to the rules established by the entity operating the market and is supervised by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority. It is the most formal and strictly regulated type of market. It must be based on transparency, equal access, and disclosure requirements. Shares, bonds, and other securities are permitted on the market. The goal of this market is to ensure safe and fair trading in financial instruments. Market participants include banks, companies, investment firms, and investors.
An auction platform is a specialized type of organized market. It is used for the sale of specific instruments – most commonly CO2 emission allowances—through auctions. The Act of 29 July 2005 on Trading in Financial Instruments is one of the most important legal acts of the Polish capital market. It regulates the operation of the securities and other financial instruments trading market, as well as the activities of investment firms, stock exchanges, trading platforms, and financial supervision. Pursuant to the Act on Trading in Financial Instruments, the Regulation of the Minister of Finance was issued on July 23, 2025, amending the Regulation of April 12, 2019, on detailed conditions that must be met by the regulated market and the auction platform.
More
