Publication date: February 25, 2026
Competition and consumer protection are a crucial issue for businesses and the consumers who use their services. On July 7, 2025, the President of the Polish Office of Competition and Consumer Protection issued two binding decisions against PayPal.
A PayPal account created by a user acts as an electronic wallet integrated with their bank account. A payment card can be linked to this virtual wallet. Besides connecting their bank card, the user can simply top up their digital wallet using funds from their own, previously held bank account. Furthermore, the services offered by this application include the ability to exchange currencies – currently, payments in over 20 currencies are possible.
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Publication date: February 23, 2026
Disputes over overtime payment are among the most common disputes arising in employment relationships. Their specific nature lies in the fact that they do not solely involve the interpretation of labor law provisions, but rather, for the most part, require a detailed determination of the factual circumstances. It is crucial to determine whether the employee actually performed work outside the applicable working hours, to what extent, and whether this work meets the criteria for being considered overtime work under the Labor Code.
Pursuant to Article 151 § 1 of the Labor Code, overtime work is work performed in excess of the employee’s standard working hours or in excess of the extended daily working time resulting from the applicable work time system and schedule. This means that simply exceeding the standard working time does not always result in overtime – the working time system and the settlement period to which the employee is subject must always be taken into account.
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Publication date: February 23, 2026
Labor law, as it regulates one of the key aspects of life, which is performing work in order to obtain funds ensuring a decent living, is one of the most important branches of law. As such, it must be constantly amended to adapt to the dynamically changing reality of life.
Information obligations
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Publication date: February 2, 2026
The valuation of assets and liabilities is one of the fundamental mechanisms of financial accounting, determining the recognition of economic events in financial statements. Through the valuation process, economic events are translated into measurable monetary terms, enabling the preparation of a balance sheet, profit and loss account, and other elements of a financial statement. Both the Polish Accounting Act and international financial reporting standards are based on the assumption that there is no single universal valuation method. The accounting system allows for the use of diverse valuation bases, depending on the type of asset, its purpose, and the expected realization of future economic benefits or liabilities. This leads to a mixed valuation model, in which cost-based and market-based solutions coexist. Against this backdrop, changes in international accounting regulations, including the annual amendments to IFRS and IAS effective from 2026 and the introduction of the new IFRS 18 standard, are particularly significant. Although these regulations do not directly change the basis for the valuation of assets and liabilities, they do impact the presentation and disclosure of the effects of adopted valuation decisions. The purpose of this article is to discuss the principles of valuation of assets and liabilities in accounting, taking into account the regulations of the Accounting Act and international financial reporting standards, as well as to present the significance of the changes in force from 2026 for financial reporting.
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Publication date: January 28, 2026
The trade in works of art poses many practical legal challenges. This stems from the fact that numerous provisions, scattered across various legal acts, apply. To gain a thorough understanding of art trade law, one must be familiar with the following regulations:
- Act of 23 July 2003 on the protection and care of monuments (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2024, item 1292).
- Act of 11 March 2004 on tax on goods and services (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2025, item 775, as amended).
- Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 October 2013 laying down the Union Customs Code (OJ L 269, 2013, p. 1, as amended).
- Act of 19 March 2004 – Customs Law (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2024, item 1373)
- The Act of 23 April 1964, the Civil Code (consolidated text: Journal of Laws of 2025, item 1071).
- Council Regulation (EC) No 116/2009 of 18 December 2008 on the export of cultural goods (Codified version) (OJ L 39, 2009, p. 1).
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