The last Tuesday, the European Parliament formally approved a law to effectively ban the sale of new internal combustion cars, petrol and diesel cars, in the territory of the European Union by 2035. But, it still has to be formally endorsed by the Council. These actions are taken to achieve the landmark of 0% CO2 emissions from new cars sold by 2035 in the 27-country bloc. Furthermore, the law also put a goal cut 55% in CO2 emissions for new cars and 50% for vans sold from 2030 versus 2021 levels. This ban will affect all new cars and vans sold in EU by 2035, not to other types of vehicles.
Transportation trade sector has a central role between Spain and Poland commercial relations. The Spanish exports reached $1.05B (2020), 47.5% were cars ($499M) while 38.3% were motor vehicles; parts and accessories ($402M). On the other hand, Polish exports reached $1.16B (2020), a bit more than the Spanish ones. However, only 19,2% were cars ($222M), while 57% were motor vehicles; parts and accessories ($659M). This data in trade transactions is lesser than the normal level they have because the data is dated from the Covid19 economic recession.
KIELTYKA GLADKOWSKI is proud to be selected as one of most desired employers among law firms in Poland, according to one of the international students organisations.
The results in a legal organization always result from the full commitment of the entire team, whose potential must always be a balance between many years of experience and the energy and new ideas of young lawyers who spare no effort in acquiring practical skills, which is an integral complement to education and theoretical university knowledge.
Transferring practical knowledge and sharing experience with the next generation of lawyers in Poland is the natural goal and mission of KIEŁTYKA GŁADKOWSKI’s presence in the international legal environment. We are proud and honoured of the fact that our law firm is listed at the forefront of anonymous student rankings, completely independent of any public or professional organizations or institutions.
Our law firm is noticed not only on the domestic exchange of “desirable” places for gaining practical education.
Only recently, one of the students from Western Europe joined our team as part of the ERASMUS program.
Already in 2015, as part of the United Nations Convention, the “Paris Agreement” on climate change was concluded. This agreement is called the Global Climate Agreement. Its goal is to keep the increase in the global average temperature below 2° Celsius and make every effort to keep it to no more than 1.5° Celsius. The countries of the European Union and other developed countries have committed to continue financing climate action in order to help developing countries reduce emissions and become more resilient to the effects of climate change. The Parliament of the European Union and the Council (of the European Union) issued a regulation in 2021 that established the purpose of the European Climate Law. The main assumption of the regulation is to balance emissions and removals of greenhouse gases throughout the European Union, which is to result in achieving net zero emissions by 2050. In addition, the institutions of the European Union and the Member States are obliged to introduce the necessary measures, which together are to make it possible to achieve climate neutrality, and even to reduce it in the future.
The functioning of a limited liability company in Poland (Polish: spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością) is regulated by the Act of September 15, 2000, the Code of Commercial Companies. According to the legal definition, a limited liability company may be established for any legally permissible purpose by one or more persons. It has legal personality and separate liability from shareholders. A limited liability company is one of the most popular forms of company in Poland, which is related, among other things, to the issue of taxes. Taxes in a limited liability company are paid in accordance with the principles set out in the Act of February 15, 1992 on corporate income tax. The taxpayer is the company itself and, if necessary, it is responsible to the Tax Office for irregularities.
Elements of the articles of association of a Polish limited liability company in the online company formation system
