Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2022/2100 of 29 June 2022, prohibiting the sale of heated tobacco products with a characterizing flavor, waited almost three years for implementation. Finally, on 21 February 2025, an amendment to the Act on the Protection of Health from the Effects of Using Tobacco and Tobacco Products introducing this ban was passed in Poland. In 2025, another amendment to this act was made; the second draft was more extensive and specifically regulated the sale of electronic cigarettes and nicotine pouches, as well as the placement of warnings on packaging. However, in practice, there are still problems with the application of the act and the enforcement of its prohibitions and orders.
The core of every offer at online art auction is a proper description of the item.
According to the Civil Code, the conclusion of any contract involves the exchange of mutually agreed declarations of intent between the contracting parties. The Code specifies various procedures for exchanging these declarations: the bidding procedure (Article 66), the auction or tender procedure (Article 701), and the negotiation procedure (Article 72). Even in a procedure as specific as the auction procedure, which is most often used by auction houses to conduct auctions, the provisions regarding declarations of intent and the regulations governing contracts concluded under this procedure will apply – in the case of auctions, this is most often the sales contract (Article 535 et seq. of the Civil Code). These regulations can be particularly relevant in the case of flawed descriptions of items offered at auction.
Recently, administrative courts have been considering the possibility of imposing VAT obligations on individuals and companies providing services via the SaaS model. This article provides an analysis of the nature of the SaaS model, its advantages and disadvantages, the legal obligations associated with it for both users and service providers and the latest administrative court case law related to this model.
On October 23, 2024, the European Union adopted new regulations on liability for defective products in the form of Directive 2024/2853 (entered into force on November 18, 2024). Ultimately, the new regulations are intended to ensure a higher level of safety for consumers’ health and property and guarantee them appropriate compensation. Furthermore, the preamble to the act anticipates the need to facilitate innovation and research, and recognizes the upcoming challenges related to the growing popularity of digital services. However, this does not mean that the previous EU legal act on this matter (Directive 85/374/EEC of July 25, 1985) will automatically become null and void, as the new regulations stipulate that it will continue to apply to defective products placed on the market or put into service before its repeal date (December 9, 2026). What other changes has the new directive introduced?
