Pricing API language models, collaboratively restricting access to the most advanced models, blocking interoperability, collaborative lobbying for regulations that hinder startup entry – is market ready for this?
An AI cartel is a situation in which AI-developing companies secretly or openly cooperate in a way that restricts competition—for example, by fixing prices, blocking access to technology, or jointly eliminating smaller players from the market.
We are facing changes: AI in the pharmaceutical industry is no longer a foreign concept. It means shorter trials, more accurate diagnoses, and the potential for drugs where we previously had given up hope. But let’s be honest, technology without a roadmap is risky. That’s why the EMA and FDA sat down to create a ten-page guide to “good practice.” These aren’t rigid rules, but a foundation of trust. We can encapsulate these 10 principles in three logical pillars.
Importing goods is a key element of modern business operations, particularly in the small and medium-sized enterprise sector, which increasingly builds its competitive advantage based on access to foreign raw materials, components, and finished products. At the same time, importing carries a significant increase in legal, financial, and operational risk, stemming from differences in legal systems, significant geographic distance between contractors, and limited control over the production and transport of goods. Therefore, importing is not considered a complex legal and organizational process, solely as a commercial activity, but as a complex legal and organizational process requiring conscious risk management at every stage of implementation.
Competition and consumer protection are a crucial issue for businesses and the consumers who use their services. On July 7, 2025, the President of the Polish Office of Competition and Consumer Protection issued two binding decisions against PayPal.
A PayPal account created by a user acts as an electronic wallet integrated with their bank account. A payment card can be linked to this virtual wallet. Besides connecting their bank card, the user can simply top up their digital wallet using funds from their own, previously held bank account. Furthermore, the services offered by this application include the ability to exchange currencies – currently, payments in over 20 currencies are possible.
Medical Device Regulation (MDR) and the In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Device Regulation (IVDR) are twin regulations issued on the same day, aimed at regulating medical devices sold in the European Union. The MDR governs the making available on the market, placing on the market, and use of medical devices. The IVDR establishes the same framework for in vitro diagnostic medical devices, but also covers the rules for marketing these products (including complaints and adverse reactions).
