Publication date: July 24, 2026
The holiday season is in full swing, but our litigation team remains fully alert — and fully engaged. The best proof: ongoing preparations for proceedings before the General Court of the European Union in Luxembourg in one of the most complex categories of disputes — EU grant litigation.
Publication date: July 07, 2026
The dynamic development of artificial intelligence-based technologies is revolutionizing not only the commercial sector but also the area of state oversight of the digital market. The implementation of multi-agent systems by the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) opens a new era in consumer rights enforcement, enabling the mass and automated identification of unfair market practices. With the Digital Services Act (DSA) and the Omnibus Directive in force, traditional control methods are giving way to algorithmic interface analysis aimed at eliminating so-called dark patterns and price manipulation. However, the use of “digital controllers” raises fundamental questions for legal science and business practice about the limits of automated decision-making processes in public administration. Although AI agents significantly improve the effectiveness of detecting violations, their legal status as a source of evidence remains the subject of heated debate. The main thesis is that while AI can be a powerful auxiliary tool for regulatory bodies, the ultimate responsibility for determining the facts and assessing the legitimate interests of a party must rest with humans, which is the foundation of a fair procedure in a state governed by the rule of law.
Publication date: June 1, 2026
Practical application – the case of a museum as a bidder
Can an entity endowed with a statutory right of first refusal simultaneously influence the price it ultimately pays? In the historical monuments auction market, this question is no longer merely a theoretical dilemma. The active participation of registered museums in auctions, combined with the possibility of later exercising their right of first refusal, raises serious questions regarding auction transparency, the equality of participants, and the limits of permissible exercise of public law rights. This article examines this issue at the intersection of civil law, cultural heritage protection, and fair market principles.
Publication date: May 13, 2026
The CE marking was introduced as part of the harmonization of product marking processes within the EU. It is intended to replace all existing conformity markings. The marking itself indicates that the product meets the requirements of the applicable regulations. It is affixed to products intended for introduction into the EEA and Turkish markets, regardless of where they were manufactured.
Publication date: May 11, 2026
Resignation from the management board of a limited liability company is permissible at any time, regardless of the term of office. Therefore, a sole management board member is not obligated to serve until the end of their term and may terminate their position earlier either through their own resignation or through dismissal by the relevant body. Each of these options leads to the expiry of their mandate, but they differ significantly in terms of procedure and practical consequences.
