Publication date: April 04, 2025
Chips, also known as semiconductors, are the foundation of all electronic products and play a key role in modern economies and our daily lives. Without them, digital transformation would not be possible, and their importance reaches across industries such as automotive, telecommunications, data processing, space, defence, smart devices and gaming. The recent global chip shortage has disrupted supply chains, leading to shortages in products from cars to medical devices. In some cases, this has forced factories to halt production.
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Publication date: March 31, 2025
Is CIT optimization by two companies in Dutch jurisdiction legal?
Legality in the light of Polish and international law
Market Principle and Transfer Pricing
According to Polish transfer pricing regulations (Articles 11a–11t of the CIT Act) and OECD guidelines, transactions between related entities must be agreed on arm’s length terms principle. If the tax authorities consider that transactions between a Polish and a Dutch company are not arm’s length, they may:
- Estimate the income of the Polish company and impose outstanding CIT.
- Impose a penalty tax rate (50% CIT – Article 19, Section 4 of the CIT Act).
- Apply criminal and fiscal sanctions against the company’s management.
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Publication date: March 31, 2025
The meeting was devoted to the classification of medical devices. The main topic was the technical and legal classification and certification of medical products and diagnostic devices before they are introduced to the market. This process is very time-consuming and even very expensive.
It is worth using the help of a company that provides assistance in this procedure during this process. It is important that this company is a notified body, a conformity assessment body designated in accordance with Regulation 2017/745. Then you can be sure that a given product intended to take care of human health will be properly put into clinical trials and will be safe for people.
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Publication date: March 31, 2025
The healthcare sector is one of the most challenging areas of innovation, characterized by high complexity, strict regulations, high development costs and cultural diversity in different countries. Despite technological progress, fragmentation of innovation ecosystems in digital health is a significant barrier to effective cooperation and implementation of new solutions. The COHES.io project (Connected Health Ecosystems via Open Innovation), which aims to create an interregional space for open innovation in digital health, is the response to these challenges.
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Publication date: March 31, 2025
In recent years, there has probably been no more dynamically developing market sector than that closely related to the production of drugs, their testing and introduction to consumer circulation. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, all the efforts of pharmacists around the world have been focused on developing an effective formula for a vaccine protecting against infection with this disease, producing it, testing it and making it available to people, and in the longer term on developing a formula for a drug that could be widely used, e.g. in hospitals. No less important at that time were the problems and legal issues related to obtaining permission to produce drugs. In this article, there will be discussed detailed regulations related to the procedure for obtaining consent to manufacture drugs, which is regulated in the Act of 6 September 2001 – Pharmaceutical Law (Journal of Laws of 2024, item 686; amended: Journal of Laws of 2025, item 129), as well as to present the requirements imposed on drug factories in terms of building equipment and production principles, which are regulated in other sub-statutory legal acts.
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