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“Yellow Trade Unions” – Impact on Workers’ Rights, Legality and Potential Ways to Combat

Publication date: June 24, 2025

Origin and meaning of the term

The name “yellow trade unions” itself may have at least two sources. According to one, it refers to the “yellow dog clauses”, which in the past referred to provisions of employment contracts prohibiting joining trade unions. Another possible etymology was the workers’ organizations operating in France at the beginning of the 20th century, which, in order to distinguish themselves from the communist “red” organizations, called themselves “yellow”.

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The importance of private opinions in civil litigation – Polish law perspective

Publication date: June 23, 2025

In court practice, we increasingly encounter situations in which parties present so-called private opinions – studies / memoranda / reviews / analyses prepared by specialists in a given field, but who are not court experts appointed in a specific case. This phenomenon has become particularly important in technically complex cases, e.g. in the field of construction, medicine, IT, accounting or real estate valuation.

Although they are not evidence within the meaning of the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure, their role in civil proceedings is significant and multi-faceted.

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Packaging requirements and the method of introducing sweets to the market

Publication date: June 23, 2025

Regulations on the safety of food contact materials and limiting the impact of plastics on the environment

Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 and Directive (EU) 2019/904 are two key pieces of legislation that aim to protect public health and the environment, focusing on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and reducing the environmental impact of single-use plastic products.

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Data Depersonalization Techniques – Introduction

Publication date: June 23, 2025

Due to the constantly advancing digitalization of practically all aspects of our lives, in order to ensure the development of technologies such as those based on artificial intelligence (AI), their creators need to collect qualitative personal data. Thanks to them, algorithms will be able to lead to the desired end state in a much more precise way.

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MINIMUM WAGES IN POLAND – COSTS OF EMPLOYMENT FOR THE EMPLOYER

Publication date: April 07, 2025

One of the most frequently raised topics in public debate is the problem of the minimum wage. This is undoubtedly due to the fact that the issue concerns all employees and employers. The minimum wage is the legally established lowest permissible level of monetary remuneration for hired work.

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