Medicines resulting from research and development (R&D) activities include medicinal products developed through a multi-stage process of preclinical and clinical trials conducted to demonstrate their quality, safety, and efficacy. This process is lengthy, expensive, and fraught with a high risk of failure. It is financed by both private and public funds (according to research by Claudie Wild, Ozren Sehic, Louise Schmidt, and Daniel Fabian, “Public contributions to R&D of medical innovations: A framework for analysis,” 26 publications were identified, which found that half of all approved medicines and >90% of target medicines are linked to public sector institutions or their funding), including EU funds and national innovation support programs. From a pharmaceutical law perspective, R&D medicines are subject to specific regulatory requirements at all stages of the product lifecycle, from clinical trials to marketing authorization and pharmacovigilance. In this context, the proposed changes to EU pharmaceutical regulations, concerning data standardization and information transparency, constitute part of a broader regulatory framework for the functioning of the innovative medicines market. The research and development process is as follows:
Clinical trials in Poland have developed significantly over the past 30 years. In 2024, Poland ranked 9th in the global commercial clinical trials market, translating into a 2.68% market share. These high results have allowed Poland to create approximately 9,400 jobs and provide 26,800 patients with access to innovative and cutting-edge experimental therapies. The medical research industry in Poland is growing rapidly, making it an attractive investment destination. According to the report, the world’s largest industry sponsors are the dominant sponsors in Poland. They account for 43% of all active industry-run research centers worldwide and 47% of active centers in Poland. This demonstrates Poland’s strong integration with global clinical trial networks. It is important to note that Poland’s growth in the clinical trials sector occurred after the challenging pandemic years. Due to the epidemiological threat and mobility restrictions imposed by the pandemic, the development of commercial clinical trials has been hampered. These were replaced by research on the SARS-COV-2 disease, as there was an urgent need to study the new disease and develop a treatment due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the pandemic and the increased attention focused on researching the new virus, Poland has not completely abandoned the development of clinical trials, as evidenced by the Polish Clinical Trials Network.
The Act of 13 February 2026 on the SAFE Financial Instrument for Enhancing Security is the national legislature’s response to the European Union’s establishment of a new financial mechanism aimed at strengthening the defense capabilities of Member States. The SAFE Instrument (Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform) was established pursuant to a regulation of the Council of the European Union of 27 May 2025 as an emergency measure to accelerate investment in the European defense industry and increase the interoperability and readiness of the armed forces of EU Member States.
Pricing API language models, collaboratively restricting access to the most advanced models, blocking interoperability, collaborative lobbying for regulations that hinder startup entry – is market ready for this?
An AI cartel is a situation in which AI-developing companies secretly or openly cooperate in a way that restricts competition—for example, by fixing prices, blocking access to technology, or jointly eliminating smaller players from the market.
