The dynamic development of the computer games market has led to a significant change in the monetization models used by game producers and publishers. The traditional sales model, based on a one-time purchase of a product by the consumer, has been largely replaced by solutions based on long-term user engagement and generating revenue through micropayments (microtransactions). Mechanisms known as loot boxes, consisting in the paid purchase of virtual packages with random content.
You see a video, a product catches your eye, and an “add to cart” button is already blinking in the corner of the screen. A few seconds later the order is placed, paid for, and on its way — all without leaving the app. That’s how TikTok Shop works: a closed-loop model in which the path from watching a piece of content to completing a purchase has been cut to the bare minimum. That very immediacy is its greatest strength and, at the same time, the source of its most serious concerns.
The phenomenon of fake reviews in the digital space has evolved from a marginal image issue to a central focus of market supervision authorities and EU legislators. The contemporary ontology of this phenomenon extends beyond primitive content fabrication to encompass any form of communication that, by distorting the actual consumer experience, misleads the recipient, directly influencing their decision-making process. Legally, a fake review is considered not only a completely false message, but also one that, by omitting important facts or manipulating context, creates a false impression of the quality of a product or the reliability of a seller. This practice is classified as unfair commercial activity if its nature causes or is likely to cause the average consumer to make a transactional decision they would not otherwise make, thus violating the fundamental principles of fair dealing.
We are delighted to share an important milestone in the continued development of KG Legal’s Data, AI & Cybersecurity Desk.
It has been a great honour to serve as the exclusive expert contributors for Poland to the OneTrust DataGuidance Privacy Overview – Poland, one of the world’s leading professional legal compliance resources relied upon by in-house counsel, privacy professionals, compliance officers, multinational organisations and technology companies operating across multiple jurisdictions.
The Act amending the Act on the National Cybersecurity System aims to implement Directive (EU) 2022/2555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022 (NIS Directive 2) and the partial application of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1366 of 11 March 2024 supplementing Regulation (EU) 2019/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
The amendment to the KSC Act significantly expands the scope of the regulations and introduces new obligations in the field of cybersecurity management. The changes include, among other things, the implementation of risk management systems and expanded incident reporting requirements. The new regulations also strengthen the powers of supervisory authorities and significantly increase the maximum amount of financial penalties. It also introduces liability for the management staff (manager) of an entity. In practice, this requires certain entities to take steps to comply with the new regulations.
