The term “carousel fraud” refers to a characteristic scheme in which goods, after passing through a series of related entities, ultimately end up back at the original supplier. This mechanism allows perpetrators to conceal the actual transaction and generate undue tax benefits, most often by fraudulently obtaining VAT refunds or avoiding their payment. A key feature of VAT is its neutrality, so it should not impose an additional burden on taxpayers who do not consume the purchased goods or services but use them for business purposes. However, the structure of this tax makes it particularly vulnerable to abuse. In accordance with the principle of the free movement of goods, the supply of goods between European Union (EU) countries is subject to a 0% VAT rate. VAT carousels involve the use of complex transaction mechanisms embedded in the value added tax structure to avoid paying output tax or to unlawfully obtain a refund. These activities take the form of fictitious economic transactions, which involve the apparent movement of goods between entities located in different Member States. This can be very high, especially with relatively small financial outlays by the fraudsters, as the fraud involves goods that are repeatedly exported and returned to Poland.
Exit fee is a fee for transferring assets, functions or risks between related entities. It can be understood as remuneration for the transfer of important functions, assets or risks. It is paid during business restructuring, either once or periodicall
On 30 January 2025 there has been issued important interpretation of the Director of the Polish National Revenue Information in respect of exit fee and tax consequences.
The prohibition of discrimination at work is included in Article 183a) of the Labour Code and in the Constitution in Article 32, which requires equal treatment in all aspects, including those related to work.
Discrimination may be related to;
gender,
age,
disability,
race,
religion,
nationality,
views,
origin,
religion or sexual orientation
either due to employment for a fixed or indefinite period or on a full-time or part-time basis.
The above criteria are not socially acceptable and any unjustified unequal treatment of employees is considered discrimination.
Alternative investment companies are a specific form of investment activity introduced into the Polish legal system within the framework of the provisions on investment funds, and specifically in the context of managing alternative investment funds. These regulations are contained in the Act of 27 May 2004 on investment funds and the Act of 22 July 2005 on the management of alternative investment funds, Journal of Laws 2024.1034. AIICs are therefore a specific form of asset management that creates the possibility of investing in alternative assets, such as real estate, private equity, raw materials or debt, while maintaining high flexibility in terms of investment strategies.
On January 15, 2024, there will be held the event KRAKÓW: City – space for business. Synergy for the reconstruction of Ukraine. The event is organized by the Polis-Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce within the framework of the social campaign “Partnership and Employment” and the project “Work for Reconstruction of Entrepreneurship in Ukraine.” The event will provide a unique platform for diverse professionals, thought leaders, and stakeholders to come together and discuss critical issues surrounding urban development, business opportunities, and collaborative efforts for the reconstruction of Ukraine. The conference will cover a wide range of topics such as urban planning, sustainable development, and the role of businesses in contributing to the reconstruction efforts in Ukraine. Renowned experts and speakers will share valuable insights, best practices, and innovative ideas, fostering a rich exchange of knowledge and experience. Participation in the Conference will be an enriching experience. The insights we will gain and connections made will undoubtedly contribute to our professional growth. The event will be participated by Weronika Mazurek on behalf of KIELTYKA GLADKOWSKI KG LEGAL.
