Regulations on the safety of food contact materials and limiting the impact of plastics on the environment
Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 and Directive (EU) 2019/904 are two key pieces of legislation that aim to protect public health and the environment, focusing on materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and reducing the environmental impact of single-use plastic products.
Due to the constantly advancing digitalization of practically all aspects of our lives, in order to ensure the development of technologies such as those based on artificial intelligence (AI), their creators need to collect qualitative personal data. Thanks to them, algorithms will be able to lead to the desired end state in a much more precise way.
One of the most frequently raised topics in public debate is the problem of the minimum wage. This is undoubtedly due to the fact that the issue concerns all employees and employers. The minimum wage is the legally established lowest permissible level of monetary remuneration for hired work.
Lump sum taxation of income is described in the Corporate Income Tax Act of 15 February 1992. According to Article 19 of the Polish CIT Act, the lump sum tax rate is 19% of the tax base, unless the Act provides otherwise. The Act also indicates that the dividend tax rate is 19% of the revenue (income) obtained.
In the era of digitalization and the growing role of data in the economy, patients’ medical information is becoming not only the subject of legal protection, but also a significant economic resource. Sensitive data – including treatment history, diagnoses, test results or genetic information – is increasingly treated by entities operating in the healthcare sector as a potential asset. Used for analytical, research and sometimes commercial purposes, it is becoming an element of the business strategy of medical, biotechnological or technological companies. However, such an approach raises a number of legal, ethical and social questions. Can patients’ personal data be perceived as a commodity? What are the boundaries of personal data protection regulations, such as GDPR? And finally – is it possible to reconcile business interests with the patient’s right to privacy and autonomy?
This article will discuss the above issues in the context of Polish and EU law.
